规范依据
NORMATIVE BASIS规范命题、原文与来源 · Rule and sources收起 · Collapse展开 · Expand
规范命题与识别入口
在任高级官员的 ratione personae，与离任后的 ratione materiae、国际刑事法院及外国法院管辖的区分。
触发事实
- 2020 Q4 展示了本规范在“Grey 的逮捕、拘押及国家官员豁免”事实结构中的用法。
- 2025 Q2 展示了本规范在“Cross 被外国起诉：普遍管辖与官员豁免”事实结构中的用法。
裁判与程序背景
Arrest Warrant of 11 April 2000 (2002)源于一项具体争端：比利时法官对时任刚果民主共和国外交部长 Yerodia 签发并国际传播逮捕令。刚果主张外国刑事管辖和逮捕令侵犯在任外交部长的豁免与不可侵犯。 法院不是先写出抽象规则再寻找事实，而是在当事方相反主张、可用证据和程序请求的限制内形成了以下命题：在任高级官员的 ratione personae，与离任后的 ratione materiae、国际刑事法院及外国法院管辖的区分。
裁判规则原句
中文译文 · Chinese translation外交部长职务之性质决定了其在任职期间身处国外时，享有完全的刑事管辖豁免与人身不可侵犯权。该豁免与不可侵犯权旨在保护有关人员，使其不因另一国公权力行为受到妨碍，从而确保其履行职责不受阻碍。
英文原文 · English[T]he functions of a Minister for Foreign Affairs are such that, throughout the duration of his or her office, he or she when abroad enjoys full immunity from criminal jurisdiction and inviolability. That immunity and that inviolability protect the individual concerned against any act of authority of another State which would hinder him or her in the performance of his or her duties.
中文译文 · Chinese translation刑事管辖豁免与个人刑事责任是两个截然不同的概念。管辖豁免属于程序性事项，而刑事责任则属于实体法问题。管辖豁免固然可能在一定期间内或就某些罪行阻却起诉，但并不能使享有豁免者免除其全部刑事责任。
英文原文 · EnglishImmunity from criminal jurisdiction and individual criminal responsibility are quite separate concepts. While jurisdictional immunity is procedural in nature, criminal responsibility is a question of substantive law. Jurisdictional immunity may well bar prosecution for a certain period or for certain offences; it cannot exonerate the person to whom it applies from all criminal responsibility.
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