规范依据
NORMATIVE BASIS规范命题、原文与来源 · Rule and sources收起 · Collapse展开 · Expand
规范命题与识别入口
自决的 erga omnes 性质,不可或缺第三方(Monetary Gold)问题及法院权限的界限。
触发事实
- 2018 Q3 展示了本规范在“核裁军义务”事实结构中的用法。
- 2024 Q1 展示了本规范在“无国籍问题的 erga omnes (partes) 诉讼资格”事实结构中的用法。
- 2024 Q4 展示了本规范在“安理会检查任务、入境与国内管辖”事实结构中的用法。
裁判与程序背景
East Timor (1995)源于一项具体争端:葡萄牙指控澳大利亚与印度尼西亚签署开发东帝汶大陆架资源的条约,侵犯东帝汶人民自决权。印度尼西亚不是案件当事方,也未同意国际法院管辖。 法院不是先写出抽象规则再寻找事实,而是在当事方相反主张、可用证据和程序请求的限制内形成了以下命题:自决的 erga omnes 性质,不可或缺第三方(Monetary Gold)问题及法院权限的界限。
裁判规则原句
中文译文 · Chinese translation法院认为,一项规范具有对世(erga omnes)性质,与法院管辖权须以同意为基础的规则,是两个不同的问题。无论所援引义务的性质为何,只要法院的判决必然意味着对另一非本案当事国行为合法性的评判,法院即不能就该国行为的合法性作出裁判。
英文原文 · English[T]he Court considers that the erga omnes character of a norm and the rule of consent to jurisdiction are two different things. Whatever the nature of the obligations invoked, the Court could not rule on the lawfulness of the conduct of a State when its judgment would imply an evaluation of the lawfulness of the conduct of another State which is not a party to the case.
中文译文 · Chinese translation因此,印度尼西亚的权利义务将构成该判决的实际标的,而该判决系在印度尼西亚未予同意的情况下作出的。这样的判决将直接违背"体现于法院《规约》中的公认国际法原则,即法院只能经一国同意而对该国行使管辖权"。
英文原文 · EnglishIndonesia's rights and obligations would thus constitute the very subject-matter of such a judgment made in the absence of that State's consent. Such a judgment would run directly counter to the "well-established principle of international law embodied in the Court's Statute, namely, that the Court can only exercise jurisdiction over a State with its consent."
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